collapseos/recipes/rc2014/ps2

Interfacing a PS/2 keyboard

Serial connection through ACIA is nice, but you are probably plugging a modern computer on the other side of that ACIA, right? Let's go a step further away from those machines and drive a PS/2 keyboard directly!

Goal

Have a PS/2 keyboard drive the stdio input of the Collapse OS shell instead of the ACIA.

Gathering parts

• A RC2014 Classic that could install the base recipe
• A PS/2 keyboard. A USB keyboard + PS/2 adapter should work, but I haven't tried it yet.
• A PS/2 female connector. Not so readily available, at least not on digikey. I de-soldered mine from an old motherboard I had laying around.
• ATtiny85/45/25 (main MCU for the device)
• 74xx595 (shift register)
• 40106 inverter gates
• Diodes for A*, IORQ, RO.
• Proto board, RC2014 header pins, wires, IC sockets, etc.
• AVRA

Building the PS/2 interface

Let's start with the PS/2 connector, which has two pins:

Both are connected to the ATtiny45, CLK being on PB2 to have INT0 on it.

The DATA line is multi-use. That is, PB1 is connected both to the PS/2 data line and to the 595's SER. This saves us a precious pin.

The ATtiny 45 hooks everything together. CE comes from the z80 bus, see below.

This allows us to supply the z80 bus with data within its 375ns limits. SRCLR is hooked to the CE line so that whenever a byte is read, the 595 is zeroed out as fast as possible so that the z80 doesn't read "false doubles".

The 595, to have its SRCLR becoming effective, needs a RCLK trigger, which doesn't happen immediately. It's the ATtiny45, in its PCINT interrupt, that takes care of doing that trigger (as fast as possible).

Our device is read only, on one port. That makes the "Chip Enable" (CE) selection rather simple. In my design, I chose the IO port 8, so I inverted A3. I chose a 40106 inverter to do that, do as you please for your own design.

I wanted to hook CE to a flip flop so that the MCU could relax a bit more w.r.t. reacting to its PB4 pin changes, but I didn't have NAND gates that are fast enough in stock, so I went with this design. But otherwise, I would probably have gone the flip-flop way. Seems more solid.

Using the PS/2 interface

To use this interface, you have to build a new Collapse OS binary. We'll use the xcomp unit from the base recipe and modify it.

First, we need a (ps2kc) routine. In this case, it's easy, it's : (ps2kc) 8 PC@ ;. Add this after ACIA loading. Then, we can load PS/2 subsystem. You add 411 414 LOADR. Then, at initialization, you add PS2$ after ACIA$. You also need to define PS2_MEM at the top. You can probably use RAMSTART + 0x7a.

Rebuild, reflash, should work. For debugging purposes, you might not want to go straight to plugging PS/2 (key) into the system. What I did myself was to load the PS/2 subsystem before ACIA (which overrides with its own (key)) and added a dummy word in between to access PS/2's key.

Also (and this is a TODO: investigate), I had a problem where the break key I got from (ps2kc) was 0x70 instead of 0xf0 which had the effect of duplicating all my keystrokes. I added a 0x70 -> 0xf0 replacement in my version of (ps2kc). Does the trick (at the cost of a non-functional numpad 0).