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OC-KittenOS/repository/docs/ul-bmp__
20kdc 899a3b2521 Added bmp.lua and a logo that's more detailed yet smaller than the current one.
Also, the logo is now stored as a BMP.
Turnaround time on that thing is one click,
 we're nowhere near done reaping the benefits of indexed colour, etc.
2018-04-07 10:56:13 +01:00

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The "bmp" library is a library for
the express purpose of reading and
writing Windows BMP files and other
Windows DIB headers.
It is written with portability,
memory-efficiency, and reusability
as it's primary goals.
With this in mind, it can be used as
the backend for an ICO/CUR handling
library, works with packed-DIB data,
only requires the first 0x36 bytes
of a .BMP to be present, and can be
used on KittenOS NEO, OpenOS, and
just about any place with a desktop
Lua interpreter available for use.
(That said, it's not 5.1-tested.)
That said, it does not handle all the
possible bitmap formats, restricting
itself to support of BI_RGB where
possible, and BI_BITFIELDS to a
limited extent.
Given this covers most bitmaps that
you are likely to generate, do not
underestimate the use of this.
The library has 2 fields:
headerMinSzBMP,
headerMinSzDIB: The minimum data you
must have available when calling
connect for a given format.
The library has 3 functions:
connect(get, set, cMode, packed):
"Connects" to a bitmap. A very real
implication of this is that the
data get/set accesses is where the
actual bitmap is, and this merely
provides a way to access it in a
useful form (as pixels).
Technically, all but 'get' are
optional, but I feel it necessary
to document them as if they are
implicitly left nil by those users
who omit them because of their
functionality.
Due to this section being a rather
long length, the paragraph
separation is per-argument here.
get is best described by:
function (a) return dt:byte(a) end
set, which is optional unless you
call any of the set* functions in
the resulting bitmap, has a longer
description:
function (a, v)
dt = dt:sub(1, a - 1) ..
string.char(v) ..
dt:sub(a + 1)
end
Notably, while these are the
canonical implementations of these
functions, they are by no means
the only implementations, and it
is the purpose of these callbacks
to allow choice in how you write
them.
cMode exists for cursor and icon
handling. These images are split
via a very horrifying mechanism
into an AND mask, and a XOR mask.
The XOR mask typically contains
what could be called the actual
image - the AND mask then acts
as a sort of alpha mask, blacking
out the areas where the XOR mask
is then projected onto.
It can be one of three values.
It can be nil, in which case this
is an ordinary DIB, with no evil
nonsense applied to it -
It can be "colour", in which case
the XOR mask (the actual image in
most cases) is shown -
And it can be "mask", in which case
the AND mask is accessed instead.
(Notably, bpp, paletteSize, and
ignoresPalette changes to the
1bpp mask format in use here.)
packed exists for the use of those
bitmaps that don't have a BMP file
header, the usual "BM". In this
case, you can remove support for
gap1 but allow yourself to avoid
the BM header as a result.
If not nil, it is how much to
offset the indexes from 0-based
offsets into a .BMP file to the
final positions.
The following table is useful for
understanding this:
1: Standard 1-indexed BMP handling,
but with no gap1 support (!)
-13: Standard 1-indexed handling of
a packed DIB (no BMP header),
such as a BITMAP or ICON
resource (set cMode if ICON)
-9: Standard 1-indexed handling of
a CURSOR resource, which has
a 2-short hotspot header
prepareDIB(w, h, p, bpp, paletteSize
, topDown, cMode) -> hd, sz, dp:
(See prepareBMP if you want a .BMP
file, but this describes how to
use the arguments and returns.)
This prepares a packed DIB, and
returns three values:
1. The header. (The palette, in
the 4-byte-per-colour form,
will follow immediately.)
2. The buffer size, including the
header in 1. The bytes that
are not specified can be
initialized in any fashion,
as they are part of the colour
and later image data itself.
3. The pointer to the pixels for
BM creation.
w, h, p, and bpp are the usual -
width, height, planes, pixel depth
- but the paletteSize needs note.
If the BPP is <= 8, then the size
of the palette must not be 0.
This is to avoid unintentionally
triggering legacy features in the
BMP format.
topDown and cMode are essentially
booleans that can safely be nil,
where nil is interpreted as false.
topDown indicates that the image is
to be top-down rather than the
standard upsidedown form of a BMP.
This may look odd if streaming a
BMP, so the option, while rather
an odd one, has been included.
cMode indicates that this image is
intended for use in an ICON or
CURSOR resource of some form, and
should thus contain an AND mask.
prepareBMP(...):
This prepares a .BMP file. It has
the same arguments and returns as
prepareDIB, and indeed wraps it.
Bitmap objects, while not read-only,
do not particularly change if you
write to them.
Going out of bounds with a bitmap
object will have hilarious results.
...Don't do it.
Anyway, they have these fields:
width, height, planes: The usuals.
(NOTE: Due to lack of examples,
it is assumed that planes are a
dimension more major than height.
If this isn't the case, someone
do tell me, preferably with an
example and a way to open it that
does not involve this library, so
I can test and correct all of the
code involving them.)
bpp: Bits per pixel. This specifies
a limit on numbers passed to
and from the bitmap object,
of 1 << bpp (2 ^ bpp).
A number may not be equal to
or exceed this limit.
ignoresPalette: Used to indicate
the palette is worthless and does
not affect image contents in any
way at all. If one exists.
paletteCol: The amount of colours in
the palette. Multiply by 4 for a
byte count.
paletteAddress: Useful for caching,
the palette starts at this get/set
address.
dataAddress: Useful for caching,
the data starts at this get/set
address.
dataFull: The size of the data of
the image, according to the image.
dsSpan: This is a hint for the cache
and cannot be relied upon to be
correct, only >= 1:
Scanline length in bytes.
dsPlane: This is a hint for the
cache and cannot be relied upon to
be correct, only >= 1:
Plane length in bytes.
getPalette(i): Gets the XRGB value
of colour i as an integer.
Do not go out of range of I.
setPalette(i, v): Sets the XRGB
value of colour i as an integer.
Do not go out of range of I or V.
getPixel(x, y, p): Returns the pixel
value at X, Y, P. Do not go out of
the range of X, Y or P.
setPixel(x, y, p, v): Sets the pixel
value at X, Y, P to V. Do not go
out of the range of X, Y, P, or V.
...in other words, about as much
usability as a BufferedImage with
getGraphics and createGraphics taken
out of it for some crazy reason.
The primary use of this library is
because people like to use formats
they happen to have actually heard
of before, and everything but BMP is
too complicated for low-memory OSes
to stream from disk.
-- This is released into
the public domain.
-- No warranty is provided,
implied or otherwise.