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@ -21,6 +21,23 @@ directly, but as part of another word.
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"*I*" in description indicates an IMMEDIATE word.
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*** Symbols ***
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Throughout words, different symbols are used in different contexts, but we try
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to been consistent in their use. Here's their definitions:
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! - Store
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@ - Fetch
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$ - Initialize
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^ - Arguments in their opposite order
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< - Input
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> - 1. Pointer in a buffer 2. Opposite of "<".
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( - Lower boundary
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) - Upper boundary
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* - Word indirection (pointer to word)
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~ - Container for native code. Usually not an executable word.
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? - Is it ...? (example: IMMED?)
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*** Defining words ***
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(find) a -- a f Read at a and find it in dict. If found, f=1 and
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a = wordref. If not found, f=0 and a = string addr.
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@ -105,6 +122,16 @@ HERE -- a Push HERE's address
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H@ -- a HERE @
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MOVE a1 a2 u -- Copy u bytes from a1 to a2, starting with a1, going
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up.
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*** Addressed devices ***
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See usage.txt for details.
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ADEV$ -- Initialize adev subsystem
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A@ a -- c Indirect C@
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A! c a -- Indirect C!
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A@* -- a Address for A@ word
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A!* -- a Address for A! word
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AMOVE src dst u -- Same as MOVE, but with A@ and A!
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*** Arithmetic / Bits ***
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17
drv/at28.fs
Normal file
17
drv/at28.fs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
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( With dst being assumed to be an AT28 EEPROM, perform !
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operation while doing the right thing. Checks data integrity
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and ABORT on mismatch.
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)
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( a n -- )
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: AT28!
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2DUP C! SWAP
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( as long as writing operation is running, IO/6 will toggle at each
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read attempt. We know that write is finished when we read the same
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value twice. )
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BEGIN ( n1 a )
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DUP C@ ( n1 a n2 )
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OVER C@ ( n1 a n2 n3 )
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= UNTIL
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( We're finished writing. do we have a mismatch? )
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C@ = NOT IF ABORT" mismatch" THEN
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;
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@ -1 +1 @@
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: INIT (c<$) INTERPRET ;
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: INIT RDLN$ Z80A$ INTERPRET ;
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Binary file not shown.
34
forth/adev.fs
Normal file
34
forth/adev.fs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
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( Addressed devices.
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Abstractions to read and write to devices that allow addressed
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access. At all times, we have one active "fetch" device and
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one active "store" device, A@ and A!.
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Those words have the same signature as C@ and C!, and in fact,
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initially default to proxy of those words.
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)
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: ADEVMEM+ 0x55 RAM+ @ + ;
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: A@* 0 ADEVMEM+ ;
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: A!* 2 ADEVMEM+ ;
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: ADEV$
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H@ 0x55 RAM+ !
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4 ALLOT
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['] C@ A@* !
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['] C! A!* !
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;
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: A@ A@* @ EXECUTE ;
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: A! A!* @ EXECUTE ;
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( Same as MOVE, but with A@ and A! )
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( src dst u -- )
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: AMOVE
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( u ) 0 DO
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SWAP DUP I + A@ ( dst src x )
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ROT SWAP OVER I + ( src dst x dst )
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A! ( src dst )
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LOOP
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2DROP
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;
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@ -8,33 +8,23 @@
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routine. )
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64 CONSTANT INBUFSZ
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( points to INBUF )
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: IN( 0x53 RAM+ ;
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( points to INBUF's end )
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: IN) 0x55 RAM+ ;
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: RDLNMEM+ 0x53 RAM+ @ + ;
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( current position in INBUF )
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: IN> 0x57 RAM+ ;
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: IN> 0 RDLNMEM+ ;
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( points to INBUF )
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: IN( 2 RDLNMEM+ ;
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( points to INBUF's end )
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: IN) INBUFSZ 2 + RDLNMEM+ ;
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( flush input buffer )
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( set IN> to IN( and set IN> @ to null )
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: (infl) 0 IN( @ DUP IN> ! ! ;
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( Initializes the readln subsystem )
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: (c<$)
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H@ IN( !
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INBUFSZ ALLOT
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H@ IN) !
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( We need two extra bytes. 1 for the last typed 0x0a and
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one for the following NULL. )
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2 ALLOT
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(infl)
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;
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: (infl) 0 IN( DUP IN> ! ! ;
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( handle backspace: go back one char in IN>, if possible, then
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emit SPC + BS )
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: (inbs)
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( already at IN( ? )
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IN> @ IN( @ = IF EXIT THEN
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IN> @ IN( = IF EXIT THEN
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IN> @ 1 - IN> !
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SPC BS
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;
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@ -43,7 +33,7 @@
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should continue, that is, whether CR was not met. )
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: (rdlnc) ( -- f )
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( buffer overflow? same as if we typed a newline )
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IN> @ IN) @ = IF 0x0a ELSE KEY THEN ( c )
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IN> @ IN) = IF 0x0a ELSE KEY THEN ( c )
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( del? same as backspace )
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DUP 0x7f = IF DROP 0x8 THEN
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( lf? same as cr )
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@ -69,14 +59,26 @@
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FLAGS @ 0x1 AND NOT IF '>' EMIT SPC THEN
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(infl)
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BEGIN (rdlnc) NOT UNTIL
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LF IN( @ IN> !
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LF IN( IN> !
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;
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( And finally, implement a replacement for the (c<) routine )
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: (c<)
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: (rdln<)
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IN> @ C@ ( c )
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( not EOL? good, inc and return )
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DUP IF 1 IN> +! EXIT THEN ( c )
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( EOL ? readline. we still return typed char though )
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(rdln) ( c )
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;
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( Initializes the readln subsystem )
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: RDLN$
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( 53 == rdln's memory )
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H@ 0x53 RAM+ !
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( 2 for IN>, plus 2 for extra bytes after buffer: 1 for
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the last typed 0x0a and one for the following NULL. )
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INBUFSZ 4 + ALLOT
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(infl)
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['] (rdln<) 0x0c RAM+ !
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;
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@ -1,21 +1,11 @@
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( Z80 assembler )
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( Splits word into msb/lsb, lsb being on TOS )
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: SPLITB
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256 /MOD SWAP
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;
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: Z80AMEM+ 0x59 RAM+ @ + ;
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( H@ offset at which we consider our PC 0. Used to compute
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PC. To have a proper PC, call "H@ ORG !" at the beginning
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of your assembly process. )
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: ORG 0x59 RAM+ ;
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: PC H@ ORG @ - ;
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( A, spits an assembled byte, A,, spits an assembled word
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Both increase PC. To debug, change C, to .X )
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: A, C, ;
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: A,, SPLITB A, A, ;
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: ORG 0 Z80AMEM+ ;
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( Labels are a convenient way of managing relative jump
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calculations. Backward labels are easy. It is only a matter
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@ -27,13 +17,31 @@
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To avoid using dict memory in compilation targets, we
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pre-declare label variables here, which means we have a
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limited number of it. For now, 6 ought to be enough. )
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: L1 2 Z80AMEM+ ;
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: L2 4 Z80AMEM+ ;
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: L3 6 Z80AMEM+ ;
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: L4 8 Z80AMEM+ ;
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: L5 10 Z80AMEM+ ;
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: L6 12 Z80AMEM+ ;
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: L1 0x5b RAM+ ;
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: L2 0x5d RAM+ ;
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: L3 0x5f RAM+ ;
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: L4 0x61 RAM+ ;
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: L5 0x63 RAM+ ;
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: L6 0x65 RAM+ ;
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: Z80A$
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( 59 == z80a's memory )
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H@ 0x59 RAM+ !
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14 ALLOT
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;
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( Splits word into msb/lsb, lsb being on TOS )
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: SPLITB
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256 /MOD SWAP
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;
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: PC H@ ORG @ - ;
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( A, spits an assembled byte, A,, spits an assembled word
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Both increase PC. To debug, change C, to .X )
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: A, C, ;
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: A,, SPLITB A, A, ;
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( There are 2 label types: backward and forward. For each
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type, there are two actions: set and write. Setting a label
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16
notes.txt
16
notes.txt
@ -89,17 +89,11 @@ RAMSTART INITIAL_SP
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+2e BOOT C< PTR
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+4e INTJUMP
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+51 CURRENTPTR
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+53 readln's IN(
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+55 readln's IN)
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+57 readln's IN>
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+59 z80a's ORG
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+5b z80a's L1
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+5d z80a's L2
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+5f z80a's L3
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+61 z80a's L4
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+63 z80a's L5
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+65 z80a's L6
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+67 FUTURE USES
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+53 readln's variables
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+55 adev's variables
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+57 FUTURE USES
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+59 z80a's variables
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+5b FUTURE USES
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+70 DRIVERS
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+80 RAMEND
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@ -214,6 +214,17 @@ And there you have it, a stage2 binary that you've assembled yourself. Now,
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here's for your homework: use the same technique to add the contents of
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`readln.fs` to stage2 so that you have a full-featured interpreter.
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Name it `stage3.bin` (the version without any source code appended and no
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`INIT` word defined), you'll need this binary for sub-recipes written for the
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RC2014.
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Here's a little cheatsheet, but seriously, you should figure most of it
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yourself. Tough love they call it.
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* `cat stage2.bin pre.fs ../../forth/readln.fs run.fs > stage2r.bin`
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* Don't forget `(c<$)`.
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* `RLDICT` is like `RLCORE` but with a chosen target.
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[rc2014]: https://rc2014.co.uk
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[romwrite]: https://github.com/hsoft/romwrite
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[stage2]: ../../emul
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36
usage.txt
36
usage.txt
@ -86,3 +86,39 @@ flag to true. For example, "<>{ <>}" yields true.
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To check whether A is in between B and C inclusively, you would write:
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A <>{ B 1 - &> C 1 + &< <>}
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*** Addressed devices
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The adev unit provides a simple but powerful abstraction over C@ and C!: A@ and
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A!. These work the same way as C@ and C! (but for performance reasons, aren't
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used in core words), but are indirect calls.
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Upon initialization, the default to C@ and C!, but can be set to any word
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through A@* and A!*.
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On top of that, it provides a few core-like words such as AMOVE.
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Let's demonstrate its use through a toy example:
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> : F! SWAP 1 + SWAP C! ;
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> 8 H@ DUMP
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:54 0000 0000 0000 0000 ........
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> 9 H@ A!
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> 8 H@ DUMP
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:54 0900 0000 0000 0000 ........
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> ' F! A!* !
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> 9 H@ 1 + A!
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> 8 H@ DUMP
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:54 090a 0000 0000 0000 ........
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> H@ H@ 2 + 2 AMOVE
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> 8 H@ DUMP
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:54 090a 0a0b 0000 0000 ........
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>
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Of course, you might want to end up using adev in this kind of ad-hoc way to
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have some kind of mapping function, but what you'll mostly want to to is to
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plug device drivers into those words.
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