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recipes/rc2014: include readln directly in stage 1
XPACK is more efficient than stripfc was, we can pack more stuff in 8K. We now have enough space to fit readln.
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@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
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( requires core, parse, print )
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( Managing variables in a core module is tricky. Sure, we
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have (sysv), but here we need to allocate a big buffer, and
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that cannot be done through (sysv). What we do is that we
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allocate that buffer at runtime and use (sysv) to point to
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it, a pointer that is set during the initialization
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routine. )
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64 CONSTANT INBUFSZ
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: RDLNMEM+ 0x53 RAM+ @ + ;
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( current position in INBUF )
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: IN> 0 RDLNMEM+ ;
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( points to INBUF )
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: IN( 2 RDLNMEM+ ;
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( points to INBUF's end )
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: IN) INBUFSZ 2+ RDLNMEM+ ;
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( flush input buffer )
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( set IN> to IN( and set IN> @ to null )
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: (infl) 0 IN( DUP IN> ! ! ;
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( handle backspace: go back one char in IN>, if possible, then
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emit SPC + BS )
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: (inbs)
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( already at IN( ? )
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IN> @ IN( = IF EXIT THEN
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IN> @ 1- IN> !
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SPC BS
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;
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( read one char into input buffer and returns whether we
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should continue, that is, whether CR was not met. )
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: (rdlnc) ( -- f )
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( buffer overflow? same as if we typed a newline )
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IN> @ IN) = IF 0x0a ELSE KEY THEN ( c )
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( del? same as backspace )
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DUP 0x7f = IF DROP 0x8 THEN
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( lf? same as cr )
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DUP 0x0a = IF DROP 0xd THEN
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( echo back )
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DUP EMIT ( c )
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( bacspace? handle and exit )
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DUP 0x8 = IF (inbs) EXIT THEN
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( write and advance )
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DUP ( keep as result ) ( c c )
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( Here, we take advantage of the fact that c's MSB is
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always zero and thus ! automatically null-terminates
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our string )
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IN> @ ! 1 IN> +! ( c )
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( if newline, replace with zero to indicate EOL )
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DUP 0xd = IF DROP 0 THEN
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;
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( Read one line in input buffer and make IN> point to it )
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: (rdln)
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(infl)
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BEGIN (rdlnc) NOT UNTIL
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LF IN( IN> !
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;
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( And finally, implement C<* )
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: RDLN<
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IN> @ C@
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DUP IF
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( not EOL? good, inc and return )
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1 IN> +!
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ELSE
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( EOL ? readline. we still return null though )
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(rdln)
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THEN
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( update C<? flag )
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IN> @ C@ 0 > 0x06 RAM+ ! ( 06 == C<? )
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;
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( Initializes the readln subsystem )
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: RDLN$
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( 53 == rdln's memory )
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H@ 0x53 RAM+ !
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( 2 for IN>, plus 2 for extra bytes after buffer: 1 for
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the last typed 0x0a and one for the following NULL. )
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INBUFSZ 4 + ALLOT
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(infl)
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['] RDLN< 0x0c RAM+ !
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1 0x06 RAM+ ! ( 06 == C<? )
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;
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@ -64,12 +64,10 @@ We could have this recipe automate that 2 stage build process all automatically,
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but that would rob you of all your fun, right? Instead, we'll run that 2nd
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but that would rob you of all your fun, right? Instead, we'll run that 2nd
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stage on the RC2014 itself!
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stage on the RC2014 itself!
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To build your stage 1, run `make` in this folder, this will yield `os.bin`.
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To build your stage 1, run `make` in this folder, this will yield `stage1.bin`.
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This will contain that tiny core and, appended to it, the Forth source code it
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This will contain that tiny core and, appended to it, the Forth source code it
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needs to run to bootstrap itself. When it's finished bootstrapping, you will
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needs to run to bootstrap itself. When it's finished bootstrapping, you will
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get a prompt to an almost-full Forth interpreter (there's not enough space in
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get a prompt to a full Forth interpreter.
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8K to fit both link.fs and readln.fs, so we ditch readln. Our prompt is raw. No
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backspace no buffer. Hardcore mode.)
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### Emulate
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### Emulate
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@ -122,15 +120,18 @@ Our stage 1 prompt is the result of Forth's inner core interpreting the source
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code of the Full Forth, which was appended to the binary inner core in ROM.
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code of the Full Forth, which was appended to the binary inner core in ROM.
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This results in a compiled dictionary, in RAM, at address 0x8000+system RAM.
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This results in a compiled dictionary, in RAM, at address 0x8000+system RAM.
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Wouldn't it be great if we could save that compiled binary in ROM and save the
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system the trouble of recompiling itself on boot?
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Unfortunately, this compiled dictionary isn't usable as-is. Offsets compiled in
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Unfortunately, this compiled dictionary isn't usable as-is. Offsets compiled in
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there are compiled based on a 0x8000-or-so base offset. What we need is a
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there are compiled based on a 0x8000-or-so base offset. What we need is a
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0xa00-or-so base offset, that is, something suitable to be appended to the boot
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0xa00-or-so base offset, that is, something suitable to be appended to the boot
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binary, in ROM, in binary form.
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binary, in ROM, in binary form.
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Fortunately, inside the compiled source is the contents of link.fs which will
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Fortunately, inside the compiled source is the contents of the Linker (B120)
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allow us to relink our compiled dictionary so that in can be relocated in ROM,
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which will allow us to relink our compiled dictionary so that in can be
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next to our boot binary. I won't go into relinking details. Look at the source.
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relocated in ROM, next to our boot binary. I won't go into relinking details.
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For now, let's just use it:
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Look at the source. For now, let's just use it:
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RLCORE
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RLCORE
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@ -212,48 +213,6 @@ That's it! our binary is ready to run!
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And there you have it, a stage2 binary that you've assembled yourself.
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And there you have it, a stage2 binary that you've assembled yourself.
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### Assembling stage 3
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Stage 2 gives you a useable prompt, but bare. Because 8K isn't a lot of space
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to cram source code, we're limited in what we can include for this stage.
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However, now that we have a usable prompt, we can do a lot (be cautious though:
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there is no `readln` yet, so you have no backspace), for example, build a
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stage 3 with `readln`.
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Copy the unit's source
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cat ../../forth/readln.fs | ../../tools/stripfc | xclip
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and just paste it in your terminal. If you're doing the real thing and not
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using the emulator, pasting so much code at once might freeze up the RC2014, so
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it is recommended that you use `/tools/exec` that let the other side enough
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time to breathe.
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After your pasting, you'll have a compiled dict of that code in memory. You'll
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need to relocate it in the same way you did for stage 2, but instead of using
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`RLCORE`, which is a convenience word hardcoded for stage 1, we'll parametrize
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`RLDICT`, the word doing the real work.
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`RLDICT` takes 2 arguments, `target` and `offset`. `target` is the first word
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of your relocated dict. In our case, it's going to be `' INBUFSZ`. `offset` is
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the offset we'll apply to every eligible word references in our dict. In our
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case, that offset is the offset of the *beginning* of the `INBUFSZ` entry (that
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is, `' INBUFSZ WORD(` minus the offset of the last word (which should be a hook
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word) in the ROM binary.
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That offset can be conveniently fetched from code because it is the value of
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the `LATEST` constant in stable ABI, which is at offset `0x08`. Therefore, our
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offset value is:
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' INBUFSZ WORD( 0x08 @ -
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You can now run `RLDICT` and proceed with concatenation (and manual adjustments
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of course) as you did with stage 2. Don't forget to adjust `run.fs` so that it
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initializes `RDLN$` instead of creating a minimal `(c<)`.
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Keep that `stage3.bin` around, you will need it for further recipes.
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[rc2014]: https://rc2014.co.uk
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[rc2014]: https://rc2014.co.uk
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[romwrite]: https://github.com/hsoft/romwrite
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[romwrite]: https://github.com/hsoft/romwrite
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[stage2]: ../../emul
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[stage2]: ../../emul
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ itself.
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## Gathering parts
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## Gathering parts
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* A RC2014 Classic
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* A RC2014 Classic
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* `stage3.bin` from the base recipe
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* `stage2.bin` from the base recipe
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* An extra AT28C64B
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* An extra AT28C64B
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* 1x 40106 inverter gates
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* 1x 40106 inverter gates
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* Proto board, RC2014 header pins, wires, IC sockets, etc.
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* Proto board, RC2014 header pins, wires, IC sockets, etc.
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@ -33,11 +33,49 @@ in write protection mode, but I preferred building my own module.
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I don't think you need a schematic. It's really simple.
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I don't think you need a schematic. It's really simple.
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## Building your stage 4
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### Assembling stage 3
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Using the same technique as you used for building your stage 3, you can append
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Stage 2 gives you a full interpreter, but it's missing the "Addressed devices"
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required words to your boot binary. Required units are `forth/adev.fs` and
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module and the AT28 driver. We'll need to assemble a stage 3.
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`drv/at28.fs`.
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TODO: fix these instructions. They are broken.
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However, now that we have a usable prompt, we can do a lot (be cautious though:
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there is no `readln` yet, so you have no backspace), for example, build a
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stage 3 with `readln`.
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Copy the unit's source
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cat ../../forth/readln.fs | ../../tools/stripfc | xclip
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and just paste it in your terminal. If you're doing the real thing and not
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using the emulator, pasting so much code at once might freeze up the RC2014, so
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it is recommended that you use `/tools/exec` that let the other side enough
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time to breathe.
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After your pasting, you'll have a compiled dict of that code in memory. You'll
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need to relocate it in the same way you did for stage 2, but instead of using
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`RLCORE`, which is a convenience word hardcoded for stage 1, we'll parametrize
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`RLDICT`, the word doing the real work.
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`RLDICT` takes 2 arguments, `target` and `offset`. `target` is the first word
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of your relocated dict. In our case, it's going to be `' INBUFSZ`. `offset` is
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the offset we'll apply to every eligible word references in our dict. In our
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case, that offset is the offset of the *beginning* of the `INBUFSZ` entry (that
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is, `' INBUFSZ WORD(` minus the offset of the last word (which should be a hook
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word) in the ROM binary.
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That offset can be conveniently fetched from code because it is the value of
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the `LATEST` constant in stable ABI, which is at offset `0x08`. Therefore, our
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offset value is:
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' INBUFSZ WORD( 0x08 @ -
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You can now run `RLDICT` and proceed with concatenation (and manual adjustments
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of course) as you did with stage 2. Don't forget to adjust `run.fs` so that it
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initializes `RDLN$` instead of creating a minimal `(c<)`.
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Keep that `stage3.bin` around, you will need it for further recipes.
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## Writing contents to the AT28
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## Writing contents to the AT28
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@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ H@ XOFF @ - XOFF @ 8 + !
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446 452 XPACKR ( parse )
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446 452 XPACKR ( parse )
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358 360 XPACKR ( acia.fs )
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358 360 XPACKR ( acia.fs )
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442 445 XPACKR ( print )
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442 445 XPACKR ( print )
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459 463 XPACKR ( fmt )
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453 463 XPACKR ( readln fmt )
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123 132 XPACKR ( linker )
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123 132 XPACKR ( linker )
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," : x KEY DUP EMIT ; "
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," : _ ACIA$ RDLN$ (ok) ; _ "
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," : _ ACIA$ (ok) ['] x 0x0c RAM+ ! ; _ "
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H@ 256 /MOD 2 PC! 2 PC!
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H@ 256 /MOD 2 PC! 2 PC!
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