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doc: fix typos and inaccuracies
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doc/avr.txt
75
doc/avr.txt
@ -6,60 +6,53 @@ TODO
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# Programming AVR chips
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# Programming AVR chips
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To program AVR chips, you need a device that provides the SPI protocol. The
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To program AVR chips, you need a device that provides the SPI
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device built in the rc2014/sdcard recipe fits the bill. Make sure you can
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protocol. The device built in the rc2014/sdcard recipe fits the
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override the SPI clock because the system clock will be too fast for most AVR
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bill. Make sure you can override the SPI clock because the sys-
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chips, which are usually running at 1MHz. Because the SPI clock needs to be a
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tem clock will be too fast for most AVR chips, which are usually
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4th of that, a safe frequency for SPI communication would be 250kHz.
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running at 1MHz. Because the SPI clock needs to be a 4th of
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that, a safe frequency for SPI communication would be 250kHz.
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Because you will not be using your system clock, you'll also need to override
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The AVR programmer device is really simple: Wire SPI connections
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SPI_DELAY in your xcomp unit: the default value for this is 2 NOP, which only
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to proper AVR pins as described in the MCU's datasheet. Note
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works when you use the system clock.
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that this device will be the same as the one you'll use for any
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modern SPI-based AVR programmer, with RESET replacing SS.
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Alternatively, you could run your whole system at 250kHz, but that's going to be
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really slow.
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The AVR programmer device is really simple: Wire SPI connections to proper AVR
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pins as described in the MCU's datasheet. Note that this device will be the same
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as the one you'll use for any modern SPI-based AVR programmer, with RESET
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replacing SS.
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(TODO: design a SPI relay that supports more than one device. At the time of
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this writing, one has to disconnect the SD card reader before enabling the AVR
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programmer)
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The AVR programming code is at B690.
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The AVR programming code is at B690.
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Before you begin programming the chip, the device must be deselected. Ensure
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Before you begin programming the chip, the device must be desel-
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with "(spid)".
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ected. Ensure with "0 (spie)".
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Then, you initiate programming mode with "asp$", and then issue your commands.
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Then, you initiate programming mode with "asp$", and then issue
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your commands.
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Each command will verify that it's in sync, that is, that its 3rd exchange
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Each command will verify that it's in sync, that is, that its
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echoes the byte that was sent in the 2nd exchange. If it doesn't, the command
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3rd exchange echoes the byte that was sent in the 2nd exchange.
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aborts with "AVR err".
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If it doesn't, the command aborts with "AVR err".
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# Access fuses
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# Access fuses
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You get/set they values with "aspfx@/aspfx!", x being one of "l" (low fuse),
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You get/set they values with "aspfx@/aspfx!", x being one of "l"
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"h" (high fuse), "e" (extended fuse).
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(low fuse), "h" (high fuse), "e" (extended fuse).
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# Access flash
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# Access flash
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Writing to AVR's flash is done in batch mode, page by page. To this end, the
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Writing to AVR's flash is done in batch mode, page by page. To
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chip has a buffer which is writable byte-by-byte.
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this end, the chip has a buffer which is writable byte-by-byte.
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Writing to the flash begins with a call to asperase, which erases the whole
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Writing to the flash begins with a call to asperase, which
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chip. It seems possible to erase flash page-by-page through parallel
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erases the whole chip. It seems possible to erase flash page-by-
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programming, but the SPI protocol doesn't expose it, we have to erase the whole
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page through parallel programming, but the SPI protocol doesn't
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chip. Then, you write to the buffer using aspfb! and then write to a page using
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expose it, we have to erase the whole chip. Then, you write to
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aspfp!. Example to write 0x1234 to the first byte of the first page:
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the buffer using aspfb! and then write to a page using aspfp!.
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Example to write 0x1234 to the first byte of the first page:
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asperase 0x1234 0 aspfb! 0 aspfp!
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asperase 0x1234 0 aspfb! 0 aspfp!
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Please note that aspfb! deals with *words*, not bytes. If, for example, you want
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Please note that aspfb! deals with *words*, not bytes. If, for
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to hook it to A!*, make sure you use AMOVEW instead of AMOVE. You will need to
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example, you want to hook it to A!*, make sure you use AMOVEW
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create a wrapper word around aspfb! that divides dst addr by 2 because AMOVEW
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instead of AMOVE. You will need to create a wrapper word around
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use byte-based addresses but aspfb! uses word-based ones. You also have to make
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aspfb! that divides dst addr by 2 because AMOVEW use byte-based
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sure that A@* points to @ (or another word-based fetcher) instead of its default
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addresses but aspfb! uses word-based ones. You also have to make
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value of C@.
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sure that A@* points to @ (or another word-based fetcher)
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instead of its default value of C@.
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@ -7,32 +7,32 @@ What is Collapse OS? It is a binary placed either in ROM on
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in RAM by a bootloader. That binary, when executed, initializes
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in RAM by a bootloader. That binary, when executed, initializes
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itself to a Forth interpreter. In most cases, that Forth
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itself to a Forth interpreter. In most cases, that Forth
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interpreter will have some access to a mass storage device,
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interpreter will have some access to a mass storage device,
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which allows it to access Collapse OS' disk blocks and come
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which allows it to access Collapse OS' disk blocks and bootstrap
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to this block to bootstrap itself some more.
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itself some more.
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This binary can be separated in 5 distinct layers:
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This binary can be separated in 5 distinct layers:
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1. Boot code (B280)
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1. Arch-specific boot code (B280 for Z80)
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2. Boot words (B305)
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2. Arch-specific boot words (B305 for Z80)
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3. Core words (low) (B350)
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3. Arch-independant core words (low) (B350)
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4. Drivers
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4. Drivers, might contain arch-specific code
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5. Core words (high)
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5. Arch-independant core words (high) (B380)
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# Boot code (B280)
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# Boot code
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This part contains core routines that underpins Forth fundamen-
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This part contains core routines that underpins Forth fundamen-
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tal structures: dict navigation and search, PSP/RSP bounds
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tal structures: dict navigation and FIND, PSP/RSP bounds checks,
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checks, word types.
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word types.
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It also of course does core initialization: set RSP/PSP, HERE
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It also of course does core initialization: set RSP/PSP, HERE
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CURRENT, then call BOOT.
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CURRENT, then call BOOT.
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It also contains what we call the "stable ABI" in its first
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It also contains what we call the "stable ABI" in its first
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0x100 bytes. The beginning og the dict is intertwined in this
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0x100 bytes. The beginning of the dict is intertwined in this
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layer because EXIT, (br), (?br) and (loop) are part of the
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layer because EXIT, (br), (?br) and (loop) are part of the
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stable ABI.
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stable ABI.
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# Boot words (B305)
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# Boot words
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Then come the implementation of core Forth words in native
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Then come the implementation of core Forth words in native
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assembly. Performance is not Collapse OS' primary design goal,
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assembly. Performance is not Collapse OS' primary design goal,
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ to implement our words in Forth.
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However, some words are in this section for performance
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However, some words are in this section for performance
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reasons. Sometimes, the gain is too great to pass up.
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reasons. Sometimes, the gain is too great to pass up.
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# Core words (low) (B350)
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# Core words (low)
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Then comes the part where we begin defining words in Forth.
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Then comes the part where we begin defining words in Forth.
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Core words are designed to be cross-compiled (B260), from a
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Core words are designed to be cross-compiled (B260), from a
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@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ precisely to fit drivers in there. This way, they have access
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to a pretty good vocabulary and they're also give the oppor-
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to a pretty good vocabulary and they're also give the oppor-
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tunity to provide (emit) and (key).
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tunity to provide (emit) and (key).
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# Core words (high) (B350)
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# Core words (high)
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Then come EMIT, KEY and everything that depend on it, until
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Then come EMIT, KEY and everything that depend on it, until
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we have a full Forth interpreter. At the very end, we define
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we have a full Forth interpreter. At the very end, we define
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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ new xcomp (cross compilation) unit. Let's look at its
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anatomy. First, we have constants. Some of them are device-
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anatomy. First, we have constants. Some of them are device-
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specific, but some of them are always there. SYSVARS is the
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specific, but some of them are always there. SYSVARS is the
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address at which the RAM starts on the system. System variables
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address at which the RAM starts on the system. System variables
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will go there and use 0x80 bytes. See B80.
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will go there and use 0x80 bytes. See impl.txt.
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HERESTART determines where... HERE is at startup. 0 means
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HERESTART determines where... HERE is at startup. 0 means
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"same as CURRENT".
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"same as CURRENT".
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@ -100,13 +100,10 @@ same way. Drivers are a bit tricker and machine specific. I
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can't help you there, you'll have to use your wits.
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can't help you there, you'll have to use your wits.
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After we've loaded the high part of the core words, we're at
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After we've loaded the high part of the core words, we're at
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the "wrapping up" part. We add what we call a "hook word" (an
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the "wrapping up" part. We add what we call a "hook word", an
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empty word with a single letter name) which doesn't cost us
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empty word with a single letter name. This allows us to boot
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much and can be very useful if we need to augment the binary
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with CURRENT pointing to "source init" content rather than being
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with more words, and at that point we have our future boot
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an actual wordref.
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CURRENT, which PC yields. That is why we write it to the
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LATEST field of the stable ABI: This value will be used at
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boot.
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After the last word of the dictionary comes the "source init"
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After the last word of the dictionary comes the "source init"
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part. The boot sequence is designed to interpret whatever comes
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part. The boot sequence is designed to interpret whatever comes
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11
doc/ed.txt
11
doc/ed.txt
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ample, a machine with only a serial console can't.
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# Block editor
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# Block editor
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The Block editor augments the built-in work LIST with words to
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The Block editor augments the built-in word LIST with words to
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modify the block currently being loaded. Block saving happens
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modify the block currently being loaded. Block saving happens
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automatically: Whenever you load a new block, the old block, if
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automatically: Whenever you load a new block, the old block, if
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changed, is saved to disk first. You can force that with FLUSH.
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changed, is saved to disk first. You can force that with FLUSH.
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@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ You can insert text at the current position with "i". For exam-
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ple, "i foo" inserts "foo" at cursor. Text to the right of it
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ple, "i foo" inserts "foo" at cursor. Text to the right of it
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is shifted right. Any content above 64 chars is lost.
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is shifted right. Any content above 64 chars is lost.
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Why "i" and not "I"? Because "I" is already used and we don't
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want to overshadow it.
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You can "put" a new line with "P". "P foo" will insert a new
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You can "put" a new line with "P". "P foo" will insert a new
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line under the cursor and place "foo" on it. The last line of
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line under the cursor and place "foo" on it. The last line of
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the block is lost. "U" does the same thing, but on the line
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the block is lost. "U" does the same thing, but on the line
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@ -68,8 +71,7 @@ P xxx: put typed IBUF on selected line.
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U xxx: insert typed IBUF on selected line.
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U xxx: insert typed IBUF on selected line.
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F xxx: find typed FBUF in block, starting from current
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F xxx: find typed FBUF in block, starting from current
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position+1. If not found, don't move.
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position+1. If not found, don't move.
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i xxx: insert typed IBUF at cursor. "i" is to avoid shadowing
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i xxx: insert typed IBUF at cursor.
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core word "I".
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Y: Copy n characters after cursor into IBUF, n being length of
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Y: Copy n characters after cursor into IBUF, n being length of
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FBUF.
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FBUF.
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X ( n -- ): Delete X chars after cursor and place in IBUF.
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X ( n -- ): Delete X chars after cursor and place in IBUF.
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@ -118,7 +120,8 @@ the previously opened block.
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'w' moves forward by "modifier" words. 'b' moves backward.
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'w' moves forward by "modifier" words. 'b' moves backward.
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'W' moves to end-of-word. 'B', backwards.
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'W' moves to end-of-word. 'B', backwards.
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'I', 'F', 'Y', 'X' and 'E' invoke the corresponding command
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'I', 'F', 'Y', 'X' and 'E' invoke the corresponding command from
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command-based editor.
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'o' inserts a blank line after the cursor. 'O', before.
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'o' inserts a blank line after the cursor. 'O', before.
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24
doc/impl.txt
24
doc/impl.txt
@ -168,33 +168,31 @@ territory, identical)
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On boot, we jump to the "main" routine in B289 which does
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On boot, we jump to the "main" routine in B289 which does
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very few things.
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very few things.
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1. Set SP to PS_ADDR and IX to RS_ADDR
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1. Set SP to PS_ADDR and IX to RS_ADDR.
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2. Sets HERE to SYSVARS+0x80.
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2. Set CURRENT to value of LATEST field in stable ABI.
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3. Sets CURRENT to value of LATEST field in stable ABI.
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3. Set HERE to HERESTART const if defined, to CURRENT other-
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wise.
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4. Execute the word referred to by 0x04 (BOOT) in stable ABI.
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4. Execute the word referred to by 0x04 (BOOT) in stable ABI.
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In a normal system, BOOT is in core words at B396 and does a
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In a normal system, BOOT is in core words at B396 and does a
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few things:
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few things:
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1. Initialize all overrides to 0.
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1. Initialize all overrides to 0.
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2. Write LATEST in BOOT C< PTR ( see below )
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2. Write LATEST in BOOT C< PTR ( see below ).
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3. Set "C<*", the word that C< calls to (boot<).
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3. Set "C<*", the word that C< calls, to (boot<).
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4. Call INTERPRET which interprets boot source code until
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4. Call INTERPRET which interprets boot source code until
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ASCII EOT (4) is met. This usually init drivers.
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ASCII EOT (4) is met. This usually initializes drivers.
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5. Initialize rdln buffer, _sys entry (for EMPTY), prints
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5. Initialize rdln buffer, _sys entry (for EMPTY), prints
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"CollapseOS" and then calls (main).
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"CollapseOS" and then calls (main).
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6. (main) interprets from rdln input (usually from KEY) until
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6. (main) interprets from rdln input (usually from KEY) until
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EOT is met, then calls BYE.
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EOT is met, then calls BYE.
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In RAM-only environment, we will typically have a
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"CURRENT @ HERE !" line during init to have HERE begin at the
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end of the binary instead of RAMEND.
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# Stable ABI
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# Stable ABI
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Across all architectures, some offset are referred to by off-
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The Stable ABI lives at the beginning of the binary and prov-
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sets that don't change (well, not without some binary manipu-
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ides a way for Collapse OS code to access values that would
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lation). Here's the complete list of these references:
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otherwise be difficult to access. Here's the complete list of
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these references:
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04 BOOT addr 06 (uflw) addr 08 LATEST
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04 BOOT addr 06 (uflw) addr 08 LATEST
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13 (oflw) addr 2b (s) wordref 33 2>R wordref
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13 (oflw) addr 2b (s) wordref 33 2>R wordref
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ a bit tight at first, having this limit saves us a non-
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negligible amount of resource usage.
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negligible amount of resource usage.
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The reasoning behind this intentional limit is that huge
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The reasoning behind this intentional limit is that huge
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branches are generally a indicator that a logic ought to be
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branches are generally an indicator that a logic ought to be
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simplified. So here's one more constraint for you to help you
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simplified. So here's one more constraint for you to help you
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towards simplicity.
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towards simplicity.
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@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ from KEY, puts it in a buffer, then yields the buffered line,
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one character at a time.
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one character at a time.
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Both C< and KEY can be overridden by setting an alternate
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Both C< and KEY can be overridden by setting an alternate
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routine at the proper RAM offset (see B80). For example, C<
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routine at the proper RAM offset (see impl.txt). For example,
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overrides are used during LOAD so that input comes from
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C< overrides are used during LOAD so that input comes from disk
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disk blocks instead of keyboard.
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blocks instead of keyboard.
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KEY overrides can be used to, for example, temporarily give
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KEY overrides can be used to, for example, temporarily give
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prompt control to a RS-232 device instead of the keyboard.
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prompt control to a RS-232 device instead of the keyboard.
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@ -108,8 +108,13 @@ try to strive towards a few goals:
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1. Block 0 contains documentation discovery core keys to the
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1. Block 0 contains documentation discovery core keys to the
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uninitiated.
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uninitiated.
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2. First section (up to B100) is usage documentation.
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2. B1-B4 are for a master index of blocks.
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3. B100-B200 are for runtime usage utilities
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3. B5-B199 are for runtime usage utilities
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4. B200-B500 are for bootstrapping
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4. B200-B599 are for bootstrapping
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5. The rest is for recipes.
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5. The rest is for recipes.
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6. I'm not sure yet how I'll organize multiple arches.
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Blocks are currently not organized neatly. I'm planning the
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extraction of recipes into some kind of block "overlays" that
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would live in the recipes subfolder so each recipe would build
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its own specific blkfs which would contain only its recipe code,
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starting at B600.
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