Glossary Stack notation: " -- ". Rightmost is top of stack (TOS). For example, in "a b -- c d", b is TOS before, d is TOS after. "R:" means that the Return Stack is modified. "I:" prefix means "IMMEDIATE", that is, that this stack transformation is made at compile time. Word references (wordref): When we say we have a "word reference", it's a pointer to a word's *code link*. For example, the address that "' DUP" is a wordref, that is, a reference to the code link of the word DUP. PF: Parameter field. The area following the code link of a word. For example, "' H@ 1+" points to the PF of the word H@. (cont.)